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50 SQL Queries for Freshers in India

SQL interviews are common in companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Accenture, and startups. Freshers are often asked SQL queries to test database knowledge and logical thinking.

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1️⃣ Basic SQL Queries

1. Select All Records

SELECT * FROM employees;

2. Select Specific Columns

SELECT name, salary FROM employees;

3. Where Condition

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;

4. Order By

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC;

5. Limit Results

SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT 5;

2️⃣ Important Interview Queries

6. Find Duplicate Records


SELECT name, COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY name
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

7. Second Highest Salary


SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

8. Top 3 Salaries


SELECT * FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 3;

9. Employees Without Department


SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NULL;

10. Count Employees Per Department


SELECT department_id, COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

3️⃣ SQL Join Queries

11. Inner Join


SELECT o.id, c.name
FROM orders o
JOIN customers c ON o.customer_id = c.id;

12. Left Join


SELECT c.name, o.id
FROM customers c
LEFT JOIN orders o ON c.id = o.customer_id;

13. Right Join


SELECT *
FROM customers
RIGHT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

4️⃣ Aggregate Queries

14. Total Salary

SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;

15. Average Salary

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;

16. Max Salary

SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;

17. Min Salary

SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;

18. Count Employees

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;

5️⃣ Advanced Queries Freshers Should Know

19. Employees Joined This Month


SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE MONTH(join_date) = MONTH(CURRENT_DATE());

20. Update Salary


UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE department_id = 3;

21. Create Table


CREATE TABLE employees (
 id INT,
 name VARCHAR(100),
 salary INT
);

22. Add Column

ALTER TABLE employees ADD email VARCHAR(100);

Tips for SQL Interview Preparation

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Conclusion

SQL is one of the most important skills for backend developers and data engineers in India. Practice these queries regularly and use Dev-Brains-AI tools to improve faster.

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